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NEW QUESTION 1
A Security Architect has been asked to review an existing security architecture and identify why the application servers cannot successfully initiate a connection to the database servers. The following summary describes the architecture:
* 1 An Application Load Balancer, an internet gateway, and a NAT gateway are configured in the public subnet
* 2. Database, application, and web servers are configured on three different private subnets.
* 3 The VPC has two route tables: one for the public subnet and one for all other subnets The route table for the public subnet has a 0 0 0 0/0 route to the internet gateway The route table for all other subnets has a 0 0.0.0/0 route to the NAT gateway. All private subnets can route to each other
* 4 Each subnet has a network ACL implemented that limits all inbound and outbound connectivity to only the required ports and protocols
* 5 There are 3 Security Groups (SGs) database application and web Each group limits all inbound and outbound connectivity to the minimum required
Which of the following accurately reflects the access control mechanisms the Architect should verify1?
Answer: A
Explanation:
this is the accurate reflection of the access control mechanisms that the Architect should verify. Access control mechanisms are methods that regulate who can access what resources and how. Security groups and network ACLs are two types of access control mechanisms that can be applied to EC2 instances and subnets. Security groups are stateful, meaning they remember and return traffic that was previously allowed. Network ACLs are stateless, meaning they do not remember or return traffic that was previously allowed. Security groups and network ACLs can have inbound and outbound rules that specify the source, destination, protocol, and port of the traffic. By verifying the outbound security group configuration on database servers, the inbound security group configuration on application servers, and the inbound and outbound network ACL configuration on both the database and application server subnets, the Architect can check if there are any misconfigurations or conflicts that prevent the application servers from initiating a connection to the database servers. The other options are either inaccurate or incomplete for verifying the access control mechanisms.
NEW QUESTION 2
A company uses AWS Organizations and has production workloads across multiple AWS accounts. A security engineer needs to design a solution that will proactively monitor for suspicious behavior across all the accounts that contain production workloads.
The solution must automate remediation of incidents across the production accounts. The solution also must publish a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when a critical security finding is detected. In addition, the solution must send all security incident logs to a dedicated account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D.
To design a solution that will proactively monitor for suspicious behavior across all the accounts that contain production workloads, the security engineer needs to use a service that can aggregate and analyze security findings from multiple sources. AWS Security Hub is a service that provides a comprehensive view of your security posture across your AWS accounts and enables you to check your environment against security standards and best practices. Security Hub also integrates with other AWS services, such as Amazon GuardDuty, AWS Config, and AWS Systems Manager, to collect and correlate security findings.
To automate remediation of incidents across the production accounts, the security engineer needs to use a service that can trigger actions based on events. Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus service that allows you to connect your applications with data from a variety of sources. EventBridge can use rules to match events and route them to targets for processing. You can use EventBridge to invoke a custom AWS Lambda function from the Security Hub findings. Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers.
To publish a notification to an Amazon SNS topic when a critical security finding is detected, the security engineer needs to use a service that can send messages to subscribers. Amazon SNS is a fully managed messaging service that enables you to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless
applications. SNS can deliver messages to a variety of endpoints, such as email, SMS, or HTTP. You can configure the Lambda function to also publish notifications to the SNS topic.
To send all security incident logs to a dedicated account, the security engineer needs to use a service that can aggregate and store log data from multiple sources. AWS Security Hub allows you to aggregate security findings from multiple accounts into a single account using the delegated administrator feature. This feature enables you to designate an AWS account as the administrator for Security Hub in an organization. The administrator account can then view and manage Security Hub findings from all member accounts.
Therefore, option D is correct because it meets all the requirements of the solution. Option A is incorrect because GuardDuty does not provide a comprehensive view of your security posture across your AWS accounts. GuardDuty is primarily a threat detection service that monitors for malicious or unauthorized behavior. Option B is incorrect because Config and Systems Manager are not designed to automate remediation of incidents based on Security Hub findings. Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources, while Systems Manager is a service that allows you to manage your infrastructure on AWS at scale. Option C is incorrect because GuardDuty does not provide a comprehensive view of your security posture across your AWS accounts.
References:
AWS Security Hub
Amazon EventBridge
AWS Lambda
Amazon SNS
Aggregating Security Hub findings across accounts
NEW QUESTION 3
A company uses AWS Organizations. The company wants to implement short-term cre-dentials for third-party AWS accounts to use to access accounts within the com-pany's organization. Access is for the AWS Management Console and third-party software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications. Trust must be enhanced to prevent two external accounts from using the same credentials. The solution must require the least possible operational effort.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D.
To implement short-term credentials for third-party AWS accounts, you can use IAM roles and trust policies. A trust policy is a JSON policy document that defines who can assume the role. You can specify the AWS account ID of the third-party account as a principal in the trust policy, and use the sts:ExternalId condition key to enhance the security of the role. The sts:ExternalId condition key is a unique identifier that is agreed upon by both parties and included in the AssumeRole request. This way, you can prevent the “confused deputy” problem, where an unauthorized party can use the same role as a legitimate party.
Option A is incorrect because bearer token authentication with OAuth or SAML is not suitable for granting access to AWS accounts and resources. Amazon Cognito and API Gateway are used for building web and mobile applications that require user authentication and authorization.
Option B is incorrect because AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) is a service that simplifies the management of access to multiple AWS accounts and cloud applications for your workforce users. It does not support granting access to third-party AWS accounts.
Option C is incorrect because using AWS Secrets Manager to create a random external key is not necessary and adds operational complexity. You can use the sts:ExternalId condition key instead to provide a unique identifier for each external account.
NEW QUESTION 4
A company has enabled Amazon GuardDuty in all AWS Regions as part of its security monitoring strategy. In one of its VPCs, the company hosts an Amazon EC2 instance that works as an FTP server. A high number of clients from multiple locations contact the FTP server. GuardDuty identifies this activity as a brute force attack because of the high number of connections that happen every hour.
The company has flagged the finding as a false positive, but GuardDuty continues to raise the issue. A security engineer must improve the signal-to-noise ratio without compromising the companys visibility of potential anomalous behavior.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
"When you create an Amazon GuardDuty filter, you choose specific filter criteria, name the filter and can enable the auto-archiving of findings that the filter matches. This allows you to further tune GuardDuty to your unique environment, without degrading the ability to identify threats. With auto-archive set, all findings are still generated by GuardDuty, so you have a complete and immutable history of all suspicious activity."
NEW QUESTION 5
A company has developed a new Amazon RDS database application. The company must secure the ROS database credentials for encryption in transit and encryption at rest. The company also must rotate the credentials automatically on a regular basis.
Which solution meets these requirements?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 6
Auditors for a health care company have mandated that all data volumes be encrypted at rest Infrastructure is deployed mainly via IAM CloudFormation however third-party frameworks and manual deployment are required on some legacy systems
What is the BEST way to monitor, on a recurring basis, whether all EBS volumes are encrypted?
Answer: B
Explanation:
To support answer B, use the reference https://d1.IAMstatic.com/whitepapers/IAM-security-whitepaper.pdf "For example, IAM Config provides a managed IAM Config Rules to ensure that encryption is turned on for
all EBS volumes in your account."
NEW QUESTION 7
For compliance reasons a Security Engineer must produce a weekly report that lists any instance that does not have the latest approved patches applied. The Engineer must also ensure that no system goes more than 30 days without the latest approved updates being applied
What would the MOST efficient way to achieve these goals?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Amazon EC2 Systems Manager is a service that helps you automatically collect software inventory, apply OS patches, create system images, and configure Windows and Linux operating systems3. You can use Systems Manager to report on instance patch compliance and enforce updates during the defined maintenance windows4. The other options are either inefficient or not feasible for achieving the goals.
NEW QUESTION 8
A company needs to use HTTPS when connecting to its web applications to meet compliance requirements. These web applications run in Amazon VPC on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A security engineer wants to ensure that the load balancer win only accept connections over port 443. even if the ALB is mistakenly configured with an HTTP listener
Which configuration steps should the security engineer take to accomplish this task?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To ensure that the load balancer only accepts connections over port 443, the security engineer should do the following:
Create a security group with a single inbound rule that allows connections from 0.0.0.0/0 on port 443.
This means that the security group allows HTTPS traffic from any source IP address.
Ensure this security group is the only one associated with the ALB. This means that the security group overrides any other rules that might allow HTTP traffic on port 80.
NEW QUESTION 9
You have an S3 bucket defined in IAM. You want to ensure that you encrypt the data before sending it across the wire. What is the best way to achieve this.
Please select:
Answer: B
Explanation:
One can use the IAM Encryption CLI to encrypt the data before sending it across to the S3 bucket. Options A and C are invalid because this would still mean that data is transferred in plain text Option D is invalid because you cannot just enable client side encryption for the S3 bucket For more information on Encrypting and Decrypting data, please visit the below URL:
https://IAM.amazonxom/blogs/securirv/how4o-encrvpt-and-decrypt-your-data-with-the-IAM-encryption-cl The correct answer is: Use the IAM Encryption CLI to encrypt the data first Submit your Feedback/Queries to our Experts
NEW QUESTION 10
A security engineer is configuring a new website that is named example.com. The security engineer wants to secure communications with the website by requiring users to connect to example.com through HTTPS.
Which of the following is a valid option for storing SSL/TLS certificates?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 11
A company wants to ensure that its IAM resources can be launched only in the us-east-1 and us-west-2 Regions.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that will prevent developers from launching Amazon EC2 instances in other Regions?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 12
A development team is using an IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) CMK to try to encrypt and decrypt a secure string parameter from IAM Systems Manager Parameter Store. However, the development team receives an error message on each attempt.
Which issues that are related to the CMK could be reasons for the error? (Select TWO.)
Answer: AD
NEW QUESTION 13
While securing the connection between a company's VPC and its on-premises data center, a Security Engineer sent a ping command from an on-premises host
(IP address 203.0.113.12) to an Amazon EC2 instance (IP address 172.31.16.139).
The ping command did not return a response. The flow log in the VPC showed the following:
2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 203.0.113.12 172.31.16.139 0 0 1 4 336 1432917027 1432917142 ACCEPT OK
2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 172.31.16.139 203.0.113.12 0 0 1 4 336 1432917094 1432917142 REJECT OK
What action should be performed to allow the ping to work?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 14
A company is evaluating the use of AWS Systems Manager Session Manager to gam access to the company's Amazon EC2 instances. However, until the company implements the change, the company must protect the key file for the EC2 instances from read and write operations by any other users.
When a security administrator tries to connect to a critical EC2 Linux instance during an emergency, the security administrator receives the following error. "Error Unprotected private key file - Permissions for' ssh/my_private_key pern' are too open".
Which command should the security administrator use to modify the private key Me permissions to resolve this error?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The error message indicates that the private key file permissions are too open, meaning that other users can read or write to the file. This is a security risk, as the private key should be accessible only by the owner of the file. To fix this error, the security administrator should use the chmod command to change the permissions of the private key file to 0400, which means that only the owner can read the file and no one else can read or write to it.
The chmod command takes a numeric argument that represents the permissions for the owner, group, and others in octal notation. Each digit corresponds to a set of permissions: read (4), write (2), and execute (1). The digits are added together to get the final permissions for each category. For example, 0400 means that the owner has read permission (4) and no other permissions (0), and the group and others have no permissions at all (0).
The other options are incorrect because they either do not change the permissions at all (D), or they give too much or too little permissions to the owner, group, or others (A, C).
Verified References:
https://superuser.com/questions/215504/permissions-on-private-key-in-ssh-folder
https://www.baeldung.com/linux/ssh-key-permissions
NEW QUESTION 15
A company is using AWS to run a long-running analysis process on data that is stored in Amazon S3 buckets. The process runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The EC2 instances are deployed in a private subnet Of a VPC that does not have internet access. The EC2 instances and the S3 buckets are in the same AWS account
The EC2 instances access the S3 buckets through an S3 gateway endpoint that has the default access policy. Each EC2 instance is associated With an instance profile role that has a policy that explicitly allows the s3:GetObject action and the s3:PutObject action for only the required S3 buckets.
The company learns that one or more of the EC2 instances are compromised and are exfiltrating data to an S3 bucket that is outside the companys organization in AWS Organizations. A security engtneer must implement a solution to stop this exfiltration of data and to keep the EC2 processing job functional.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D.
To stop the data exfiltration from the compromised EC2 instances, the security engineer needs to implement a solution that can deny access to any S3 bucket that is outside the company’s organization. The solution should also allow the EC2 instances to access the required S3 buckets within the company’s organization for the analysis process.
Option A is incorrect because updating the policy on the S3 gateway endpoint will not affect the access to S3 buckets that are outside the company’s organization. The S3 gateway endpoint only applies to S3 buckets that are in the same AWS Region as the VPC. The compromised EC2 instances can still access S3 buckets in other Regions or other AWS accounts through the internet gateway or NAT device.
Option B is incorrect because updating the policy on the instance profile role will not prevent the compromised EC2 instances from using other credentials or methods to access S3 buckets outside the company’s organization. The instance profile role only applies to requests that are made using the credentials of that role. The compromised EC2 instances can still use other IAM users, roles, or access keys to access S3 buckets outside the company’s organization.
Option C is incorrect because adding a network ACL rule to block outgoing connections on port 443 will also block legitimate connections to S3 buckets within the company’s organization. The network ACL rule will prevent the EC2 instances from accessing any S3 bucket through HTTPS, regardless of whether it is inside or outside the company’s organization.
Option D is correct because applying an SCP on the AWS account will effectively deny access to any S3 bucket that is outside the company’s organization. The SCP will apply to all IAM users, roles, and resources in the AWS account, regardless of how they access S3. The SCP will use the aws:ResourceOrgID and aws:PrincipalOrgID condition keys to check whether the S3 bucket and the principal belong to the same organization as the AWS account. If they do not match, the SCP will deny the S3 actions.
References:
Using service control policies
AWS Organizations service control policy examples
NEW QUESTION 16
A company has a relational database workload that runs on Amazon Aurora MySQL. According to new compliance standards the company must rotate all database credentials every 30 days. The company needs a solution that maximizes security and minimizes development effort.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
To rotate database credentials every 30 days, the most secure and efficient solution is to store the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager and configure automatic credential rotation for every 30 days. Secrets Manager can handle the rotation of the credentials in both the secret and the database, and it can use AWS KMS to encrypt the credentials. Option B is incorrect because it requires creating a custom Lambda function to rotate the credentials, which is more effort than using Secrets Manager. Option C is incorrect because it stores the database credentials in an environment file or a configuration file, which is less secure than using Secrets Manager. Option D is incorrect because it combines the drawbacks of option B and option C. Verified References:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/rotating-secrets.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/rotate-secrets_turn-on-for-other.html
NEW QUESTION 17
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage several AWs accounts. The company processes a large volume of sensitive data. The company uses a serverless approach to microservices. The company stores all the data in either Amazon S3 or Amazon DynamoDB. The company reads the data by using either AWS lambda functions or container-based services that the company hosts on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) on AWS Fargate.
The company must implement a solution to encrypt all the data at rest and enforce least privilege data access controls. The company creates an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key.
What should the company do next to meet these requirements?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 18
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